On 18 July 2018, the Israeli Parliament (Knesset) passed the “Jewish Nation-State Law.” The Law disregards the rights of indigenous Palestinian citizens of Israel, which currently constitute nearly 20% of the population, and cements their status as second-class citizens. Equally important is the extension of the policies and objectives found in the Law to Israel’s administration of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). This contradicts Israel’s obligations as Occupying Power to not extend its own domestic legislation to the OPT, and imperils the most basic rights of Palestinians. This factsheet examines some provisions of the Law, in light of international law and the historical and current day reality of Palestinians.